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The Mack Lake fire

Author: Simard, A.J.; Haines, D.A.; Blank, R.W. [and others]
Date: 1983
Periodical: St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station; Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-83. 36 p.
Link: http://www.ncrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/gtr/gtr_nc083.pdf
Abstract: This paper describes the Mack Lake Fire near Mio, Michigan. Few documented wildfires have exceeded its average spread rate (2 mi/h) and energy release rate (8,800 Btu/ft/sec). The extreme behavior resulted from high winds, low humididty, low fuel moisture, and jack pine fuels. Horizontal role vortices may have contributed to the death of one firefighter.